| Chapter No. | Topic | Key Highlights | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 8 | Electromagnetic Waves | Spectrum (Radio to Gamma), Displacement current. | | 9 | Ray Optics | Mirrors, Lenses, Refraction through prism, Microscope, Telescope. | | 10 | Wave Optics | Huygens principle, Interference (Young’s double slit), Diffraction, Polarization. | | 11 | Dual Nature of Radiation | Photoelectric effect (Einstein equation), de Broglie wavelength. | | 12 | Atoms | Rutherford’s model, Bohr’s model, Hydrogen spectrum series. | | 13 | Nuclei | Radioactivity, Decay law, Mass defect, Nuclear fission/fusion. | | 14 | Semiconductor Electronics | Energy bands, PN junction, Rectifiers, Transistors, Logic gates. |